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INDEX
1.
Trinitite | 2. Libyan Desert Glass
| 4. King Tut's LDG | 5. The Mahabharata
| 6.
Radioactive Ash in Rajasthan, India |
7. Conclusion | Appendix: A. Atoms,
A Quick Refresher | B. The Fingerprint of Trinitite
Trinitite
On July
16, 1945, in the Tularosa Basin in Alamagordo, New Mexico in the USA,
the first atomic bomb named Fat Man was detonated at what was known
as the Trinity Site. It sent a radioactive cloud 38,000 ft. into air,
annihilated all life in 1-mile radius and spread plutonium over 100s
of miles. An official statement claimed an ammunition
dump blew up.
The fireball from the blast melted the sand which then solidified
again into a light olive green, glass-like layer composed of nearly
pure melted silica with traces of Olivine, Feldspar and other minerals.
The depressed crater 800 yards in diameter was soon buried for security
reasons, but samples were first collected.
According
to minresco.com
"the Trinitite was highly radioactive
in 1945 when it was formed, more than fifty years have passed and
at the present time, radioactivity is virtually zero."
Libyan Desert Glass
In December
of 1932,
thirteen years before the first atomic test in the USA, Patrick
Clayton from the Egyptian Geological Survey discovered the Libyan
Desert Glass ( LDG ) while driving among the dunes of the Great
Sand Sea near the Saad
Plateau in Egypt. The glass is concentrated in two different areas,
an oval-shape and a circular ring 6 km (~6,560 yards / ~ 7.73 miles
) wide and 21 km (~ 22,960 yards / 13.05 miles ) in diameter. -
science-frontiers
For comparison, the Bravo crater formed by the March 1, 1954 United
States airburst test 7 feet above the ground of a 15
megaton H-bomb at the tip of Namu Island on the Bikini Atoll had
a diameter of 6510 ft ( 1.23 miles). Many impact
craters of various sizes are found on Earth, formed by collisions
with near
earth objects (NEOs).
photo from Giancarlo
Negro's site
In the
British journal Nature (no. 170) in 1952 an article by Kenneth Oakley
titled "Dating
the Libyan Desert Silica-Glass" stated,
 Dr
Spencer said that he had not been able to trace the Libyan glass
to any source; no fragments of meteorites or indications of meteorite
craters could be found in the area of its distribution. He said:
"It seemed easier to assume that it had simply fallen from
the sky." ... Its restriction to the surface or top layer of
a superficial deposit suggests that it is not of great antiquity
from the geological point of view. On the other hand, it has clearly
been there since prehistoric times. Some of the flakes were submitted
to Egyptologists in Cairo, who regarded them as "late Neolithic
or pre-dynastic".
world-mysteries
The
photos below are from the earth
impact database and crn.it
which label one of the circular craters as B.P. Structure and places
it at N 25° 19' latitude, E 24° 20' longitude. The lower left
is "the Oasis". In the map above you can see two red circles
which show were the craters are.
According
to Christian
Koeberl, from the University of Vienna, the glass contains materials
from an asteroid and measurement
of radioactive elements place it at 28 million years.
King Tut's LDG.
 King
Tut's breastplate shows a carved straw- yellow scarab as its centerpiece.
Although this was assumed to be chalcedony, it has now been confirmed
to be Libyan Desert Glass.
"Italian
researchers discovered that the scarab at the center of
King Tut's pectoral, or necklace, found by Howard Carter in chest
n. 267, is not "greenish-yellow chalcedony," as Carter had
said, but Libyan desert silica glass, a natural glass that exists
only in the remote Great Sand Sea of Egypt -- the Western Desert.
"Its origin is probably celestial, caused by the impact on the
sand of a chondritic meteorite or comet," says De Michele. "The
glass is scattered over a 15-mile diameter area, but unfortunately,
no crater has been found yet."
(Discovery Online News, 4 April 1999) from CCNet
The Mahabharata
The ancient
religious epic of India called the Mahabharata
attributed to the sage Vyasa, was written down from 540 to 300 B.C.
It is seven times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined
according to one
site ) and contains the lines:
...(it
was) a single projectile
Charged with all the power of the Universe.
An
incandescent column of smoke and flame
As bright as the thousand suns
Rose in all its splendor...
...it was
an unknown weapon,
An
iron thunderbolt,
A gigantic messenger of death,
Which reduced to ashes
The entire race of the Vrishnis
and the Andhakas.
...The
corpses were so burned
As to be unrecognizable.
The
hair and nails fell out;
Pottery broke without apparent cause,
And the birds turned white.
After a
few hours
All
foodstuffs were infected...
....to escape from this fire
The soldiers threw themselves in streams
To wash themselves and their equipment.
* Berlitz,
Charles, Mysteries
of Forgotten Worlds, Doubleday, New York, 1972.
Radioactive Ash in Rajasthan, India
Many web
sites (e.g.: 1
, 2, 3,
4, 5,
6,
7,
8,
9, 10,
etc. ) which also reference the Mahabharata
have picked up an interesting story. They claim that according to
World
Island Review, January 1992 (some say 1997), there is a heavy
layer of radioactive ash in Rajasthan,
India, covering a three-square mile area, ten miles west of Jodhpur.
Further, there are claims that scientists have unearthed an ancient
city and evidence of an atomic blast dating back thousands of years,
from 8,000 to 12,000 years. A blast is said to have destroyed most
of the buildings and probably a half-million people, the bomb used
being about the size of the ones dropped on Japan in 1945. Radiation
is still so intense that the area is highly dangerous.
The single source of this story seems to be a post on March 8,
1992 to KeelyNet.
Rajasthan and Jodhpur are real cities. The problem is, "World
Island Review" does not seem to exist. Sri
Kisari Mohan Ganguli was probably a real person as he is referenced
in many places as a translator of the Mahabharata. According to one
person on Amazon.com,
"The third translation, and the only complete one I have, is
that by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883-1896." If
that is correct, 96 years would have passed since Ganguli translated
the Mahabharata and the story was written. The story claims that "Historian
Kisari Mohan Ganguli says that Indian sacred writings are full of
such descriptions, which sound like an atomic blast as experienced
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki." The word "says"--
present tense--makes it seem like Ganguli was recently consulted.
Instead, it is most likely that he was a long dead in 1992. "Archeologist
Francis Taylor" does not connect with any real person in my brief
search. Reasonable doubt: This story could be a hoax that spread simply
because it supports people's preexisting beliefs.
Sodom and Gomorrah
Whatever
else you think of it, there is no disputing that the Bible contains
elements of true ancient history. "There's
no agreement among archaeologists, scientists and Biblical scholars
that  Sodom
and Gomorrah existed at all." 1
If they did exist, however, the cities were located at the south end
of the Dead Sea, between what are now Israel and Jordan in the Middle
East. Some claim Bible passages describe a nuclear weapson: "Then
the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah, from the
Lord out of the heavens" Genesis 19:24. "Turning
the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into
ashes, condemned them to destruction,
making them an example to those who afterward would live ungodly"
II Peter 2:6. Of interest here are sulfur balls (brimstone) found
in the area of these cities. One site claims that Lennart Moller of
the Medical University of Stockholm had X-ray  crystallography,
liquid chromatography and atom absorption spectrophotonmetry carried
out by qualified geological and analytical laboratories. 2
This account
is given to explain the chemical composition of the balls: CO2 (carbon
dioxide) is released from CaCO3 (the limestone) under intensive heat
(in this case burning sulfur). Sulphur (S) is oxidized to sulphur
dioxide (SO2), which reacts with water to form sulphate (SO4/2-).
The calcium ion (Ca2+) then reacts with the sulphur ion (SO4/2-) to
form calcium sulphate (CaSO4) or gypsum.
Conclusion
If the
Mahabharata
translation from the late 1800's is correct as stated above, it is
a remarkable coincidence that details were written in English at least
49 years before the first known atomic test which closely parallel
the experience of a nuclear bomb. It also seems somewhat possible
that the verse and the fused glass point to the explosion of a radioactive
hunk of space rock.
There is enough doubt, however, to make the story interesting.
NOTES
Atoms, A Quick Refresher
Matter
consists of atoms. An atom is a collection of protons
and neutrons
in a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
An atom's type--and its properties--are defined by the number of particles
present. The element gold, for example, contains 79 protons and 118
neutrons and 79 electrons. Changing the number of protons would change
gold into another element. If you added one proton you'd have mercury.
( For the number of particles in each type of atom see the Periodic
Table. ) An isotope is an element whose atomic nucleus contains
a specific number of neutrons, in addition to the number of protons
that uniquely defines the element. Cesium
always has 55 protons, therefore 55 is always the Atomic Number of
Cesium. The isotope Cesium-133 has 55 protons plus 78 neutrons. The
number of neutrons varies creating different isotopes
of Cesium most of which have short half-lives. The half life measures
the stability of an isotope. After a certain amount of time, the number
of particles inside atoms increases or decreases, as the atom splits
or fuses with other atoms. At this time energy is released. Radioactivity
is the result of atoms splitting or fusing and releasing energy. This
energy is measured in electron
volts (ev), or thousand electron volts (KeV), million electron
volts (MeV).
The Fingerprint of Trinitite
Gamma rays
are photons (tiny parcels of light) which are more energetic than
visible light ray or X-rays. Gamma rays are outside the visible spectrum
(you can't see them) yet, like visible light, they exist at different
"colors" or wavelengths. ( The same is true for X-rays and
all other forms of electromagnetic
radiation. ) Light sources have distinctive finger prints based
on the strengths of the different colors or energies they emit. A
red party bulb, for example, will emit mostly red light, while a grow
lamps emit a more full spectrum of colors.
According to minresco.com
authentic Trinitite specimens examined by a Gamma Ray Spectrometer
(GRS) Germanium detector have a fingerprint that shows a peak of energy
at about ~666 keV. This peak is the result of the presence of the
radioactive isotope Cesium 137. This radionuclide with a half life
of 30.2 years is one of several unique byproducts of nuclear fission
or atomic detonations. The radioactive signature of a blast will depend
upon the materials used to build the bomb. Uranium-235, for example,
has a half life of 704
million years. This means that in 4.5 billion years, 99.28% of
of Uranium-235 will reach zero radioactivity. This isotope occurs
naturally as only 0.7% of earth's uranium ore. Plutonium-239 has a
half life of only 24,100
years.
References
1.
Ancient
Apocalypse: The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
By Jessica Cecil
2.
http://www.pinkoski.com/sodom.html
http://www.nasca.org.uk/Ancient_Nuc__War/ancient_nuc__war.html
http://www.nexusmagazine.com/ancatomicwar2.html
http://www.nexusmagazine.com/ancatomicwar1.html
http://www.bibleplus.org/discoveries/sodomfound.htm
http://www.arkdiscovery.com/sodom_&_gomorrah.htm
https://www2.securevaults.com/~anchor/s&g_update02.html
http://www.biblediscoveries.com/gomorrah.html
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